How is the amount of proof-of-work invested in a chain calculated?

How is the amount of proof-of-work invested in a chain calculated?

The bitcoin whitepaper (page 3) states

The majority decision is represented by the longest chain, which has the greatest proof-of-work effort invested in it.

I could not find how exactly this difficulty is calculated.

Is it the sum of prefix zeros of the nonces of each block?

I found this answer but it is too short for me to understand.

https://ift.tt/2LDnaYK

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